Index for
Chapter 8
Fluids

1. What is a Fluid?

• solid
• gas
• liquids
• fluid

2. Density

• mass density
• density
• Density ($\rho$) measured in kg/m³
• $\rho =\frac{m}{V}$

3. Pressure

• pressure
• atmospheric pressure
• suction
• Pressure ($P$) measured in Pa
• $P=\frac{F}{A}$
• $P_{\mathrm{atm}}=1.01\times {10}^5\mathrm{Pa}$

4. How Pressure Varies with Depth

• $\mathrm{\Delta }P={\rho }_{f}g\mathrm{\Delta }y$
• $P=P_0+{\rho }_{f}gd$

5. Fluid Levels

6. Buoyancy

• buoyancy force
• Buoyancy ($\overrightarrow{B}$) measured in N
• $\overrightarrow{B}={\rho }_{f}gV\uparrow$

7. Submerged Objects

8. Floating Objects

• $B={\rho }_f{V}_{uw}g$
• ${\rho }_f{V}_{uw}={\rho }_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{j}}{V}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{j}}\text{ or }\frac{{\rho }_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{j}}}{{\rho }_f}=\frac{V_{uw}}{V_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{j}}}$

9. Boats and Balloons

10. Flow Rate

• flow rate
• Flow Rate ($\mathrm{\Phi }$) measured in m³/s
• $\mathrm{\Phi }=\frac{V}{\mathrm{\Delta }t}$
• $\mathrm{\Phi }=Av$

11. Bernoulli's Equation

• bernoulli's principle
• Pressure in a fluid decreases as its speed increases.
• $P=P_0+{\rho }_{f}gd-\frac{1}{2}{\rho }_f{v}^2$

12. PS: Assessment Objectives

13. PS: Pressure

14. PS: Buoyancy

15. PS: Floating

16. PS: Water Flow through a Pipe

17. PS: Using Bernoulli's Equation