\(\def \u#1{\,\mathrm{#1}}\) \(\def \abs#1{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\def \ast{*}\) \(\def \deg{^{\circ}}\) \(\def \ten#1{\times 10^{#1}}\) \(\def \redcancel#1{{\color{red}\cancel{#1}}}\) \(\def \BLUE#1{{\color{blue} #1}}\) \(\def \RED#1{{\color{red} #1}}\) \(\def \PURPLE#1{{\color{purple} #1}}\) \(\def \th#1,#2{#1,\!#2}\) \(\def \lshift#1#2{\underset{\Leftarrow\atop{#2}}#1}}\) \(\def \rshift#1#2{\underset{\Rightarrow\atop{#2}}#1}}\) \(\def \dotspot{{\color{lightgray}{\circ}}}\)

How Things Move

Why Things Move

Index for
Chapter 7: Thermodynamics

Index for
Chapter 9: Oscillations

Index for
Chapter 8
Fluids

1. What is a Fluid?

solid
gas
liquids
fluid

2. Density

mass density
density
Density (\(\rho\)) measured in kg/m³
\(\rho={m\over V}\)

3. Pressure

pressure
atmospheric pressure
suction
Pressure (\(P\)) measured in Pa
\(P={F\over A}\)
\(P_{\mathrm{atm}}=1.01\times 10^5\u{Pa}\)

4. How Pressure Varies with Depth

\(\Delta P=\rho_fg\Delta y\)
\(P=P_0+\rho_f gd\)

5. Fluid Levels

6. Buoyancy

buoyancy force
Buoyancy (\(\vec B\)) measured in N
\(\vec B = \rho_f gV \uparrow\)

7. Submerged Objects

8. Floating Objects

\(B=\rho_fV_{uw}g\)
\(\rho_fV_{uw}=\rho_{\rm obj}V_{\rm obj} \quad\hbox{ or }\quad {\rho_{\rm obj}\over \rho_f}={V_{uw}\over V_{\rm obj}}\)

9. Boats and Balloons

10. Flow Rate

flow rate
Flow Rate (\(\Phi\)) measured in m³/s
\(\Phi={V\over \Delta t}\)
\(\Phi=Av\)

11. Bernoulli's Equation

bernoulli's principle
Pressure in a fluid decreases as its speed increases.
\(P=P_0+\rho_fgd-\frac12\rho_fv^2\)

12. PS: Assessment Objectives

13. PS: Pressure

14. PS: Buoyancy

15. PS: Floating

16. PS: Water Flow through a Pipe

17. PS: Using Bernoulli's Equation